Last Updated Feb 28, 2023

This page was LOCKED for editing AFTER the ALL SHIELD call on February 28th, 2023 - the text content will be copied into 2 pages, one for the charter and one for the Standing Rules prior to Steering Committee Vote on March 7th, 2023.

ARTICLE ONE: ORGANIZATION NAME, TYPE AND HISTORY

Section 1: Name

The name of this organization shall be the "Systemic Harmonization and Interoperability Enhancement for Laboratory Data (SHIELD) Community."

Section 2: Type

The organization shall be a voluntary Membership organization that serves only such purposes and functions and shall engage in such activities as are consonant with the purposes set forth in Article Two.

Section 3: History

The SHIELD Community was chartered in 2022 as a natural evolution of prior industry and government efforts to achieve interoperability of high-quality in-vitro diagnostic (IVD) test data.  Most notably, the SHIELD Community is a successor from the SHIELD public/private partnership that operated in 2020 and 2021 between health care ecosystem stakeholders and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to produce a Strategic Plan for achieving IVD test data interoperability.  This itself emerged out of multi-agency workshops in 2015 and 2016 and subsequent work efforts.  An urgency for action was created as a result of the challenges faced during the worldwide SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic in sharing IVD test data. 

ARTICLE TWO: PURPOSES AND GOVERNING INSTRUMENTS

Section 1: Purpose

The SHIELD Community is an organization of industry, clinical, academic, patient advocacy, standards development, public/private partnership, and professional organization stakeholders working in partnership with government entities with a singular focus on improving the quality, interoperability, and utility of IVD (In Vitro-Diagnostic) test related data and its adoption across the health care ecosystem.

Section 2: Vision

The vision of the SHIELD Community is to enable consistent and uniform communication of high-quality laboratory IVD test data that are computer and human actionable to promote safe, high quality and equitable patient outcomes.  In simple words: “Describe the SAME TEST the SAME WAY EVERYWHERE in the health care ecosystem”.

Section 3: Mission

To achieve its vision, the SHIELD Community’s mission consists of the following key components:

• Consistent, standards-based identification and description of IVD test related data and their attributes which contributes to its semantic harmonization

• Secure, standards-based description of patient information in a manner that allows effective utilization while protecting patient privacy

• Consistent, standards-based interoperability across all applicable information technology systems from the point of order through all downstream uses, both within and between entities in the health care ecosystem

• Understandable, reproducible, and useable results for both human and computerized systems

• Support universal implementation of the above across all entities within the US health care ecosystem

Section 4: Guiding Principles

In its operation and deliverables, the SHIELD Community adheres to the following guiding principles:

• Committed to Patient Safety

• Dedicated to Improving Patient Outcomes

• Collaborative in Approach

• Integrative in Methodology

• Transparent in Activities

• Open in Deliverables and Results

• Feasible in Recommendations

• Focused in Scope

Section 5: Governing Instruments

The organization shall be governed by this charter and its standing rules.

ARTICLE THREE: MEMBERSHIP

Section 1: Classes and Eligibility

There shall be two classes of membership in the organization:

• Any organization with mission-critical government, industry, clinical, academic, standards development, professional organization, or similar interests in promoting the cause of the organization as set forth in Article Two may apply for membership as an Organizational Member.

• Any individual who has interest in promoting the cause of the organization as set forth in Article Two may apply for membership as an Individual Member.  In such capacity, Individual Members shall represent only themselves in their personal capacity without regard to any organization with which they may be an employee or otherwise affiliated.

Section 2: Rights

All Members shall have the following rights in service of achieving and advancing the organization's mission:

• Nomination of organizations or individuals for Membership

• Vote on matters to which their class of Membership entitles them, as described subsequently in this charter

• Serve on the Steering Committee

• Serve on SHIELD Community Workgroups

• Access to the specifications and standards adopted and promoted by the organization (and its affiliated organizations), and license to the related IP and copyrights, to the extent that it is offered unrestricted in the public domain

In addition, all Organizational Members shall have the following additional rights:

• Selection of a Primary Delegate to participate in SHIELD Community activities as speaking and voting on the Organizational Member’s behalf

• Selection of a Secondary Delegate to participate in SHIELD Community activities as speaking and voting on the Organizational Member’s behalf when the Primary Delegate is unable to participate

• Permit other personnel affiliated with the Organizational Member to participate in SHIELD Community activities

• Representation of the SHIELD Community in public forums (e.g., professional conferences or webinars)

Section 3: Voting

Any Member may abstain from participating in a vote.

Section 4: Responsibilities

All Members shall contribute time and expertise to SHIELD Community workgroups, honor their SHIELD Community commitments, solicit opinions from stakeholders, represent their broader field, be responsive to the organization's strategic goals, adhere to the organization’s charter and standing rules, and ensure their attendance and active participation in meetings and Workgroups.

Section 5: Membership Composition

Members shall be drawn from the following stakeholder groups, and each Member shall be categorized as being primarily a representative of one of these Stakeholder Categories:

• Industry Entity (e.g., Epic, 3M, Cerner, Abbott, Biomerieux, Roche, IMO, Deloitte, Hausam Consulting, )

• Healthcare Provider (e.g., UTSW, UNMC, Graphite, Indiana University, Tufts University, University of Wisconsin, NACHC, Quest, Labcorp) - including physicians, informatians, academia, but clearly identifying the expertise inside this group)

• Standards Organization (e.g., SNOMED, Regenstrief, HL7, IICC)

• Professional Organization (e.g., ACLA, APHL, CAP, AACC, AMB, EHRA)

• Public / Private Partnership (e.g., Reagan-Udall Foundation, MDIC)

• Patient Advocacy

• Government Entity - (e.g. FDA, ONC, CDC, NIH)

Section 6: Membership Application and Certification

Nominations for Membership shall be made by a Member in writing addressed to the organization's Chair and Vice Chair. In addition to being nominated, an organization or individual must also apply in writing. In the case of an Organizational Member, the application must also be signed by a duly authorized representative of the applicant. New Members must be approved by at least a two-thirds (2/3) vote of the Steering Committee’s Voting Representatives.

Section 7: Termination or Withdrawal of Membership

Termination

A Member may be suspended or terminated by the unanimous consent of the Steering Committee’s Voting Members on the good faith determination that the Member in a material or serious degree violated the organization’s charter, or rules of conduct, or has engaged in conduct material and seriously prejudicial to the purposes and interests of the organization.  Termination means that the Member loses its rights and benefits of membership (including rights to participate in any of the activities of the organization such as participation in workgroups) until such time as the Member’s membership is reinstated based on the requirements stated by the Steering Committee.

Withdrawal from Membership

A Member may withdraw from the organization at any time by providing written notice to the organization's Chair and Vice Chair.

ARTICLE FOUR: STEERING COMMITTEE

Section 1: Authority and Responsibility

The governing body of the organization shall be the Steering Committee.  The Steering Committee shall:

• Serve as the forum to confirm consensus and document guidance and commitments in the service of the organization's mission

• Determine the organization's strategic policies and changes therein, actively pursue the organization's purposes and objectives and oversee the coordinated delegation of project implementation.

• Vote on nominations of new Members

• Set the number of Voting Representatives and Non-Voting Representatives

• Selecting the Chair and Vice Chair of the Steering Committee

• Establish and select the Leadership of Workgroups

• Vote on other matters that come before the Steering Committee

• Adopt, by unanimous vote, such rules as needed for the conduct of the organization's work

Section 2: Composition of Steering Committee

The Steering Committee shall consist of an odd number of no fewer than thirteen (13) and no more than twenty-one (21) Voting Representatives, who shall be drawn in proportional numbers from the Members of each Stakeholder Category as enumerated in Article Four Section 4 with the exception of the Government Entity Stakeholder Category.

In addition to the Steering Committee’s Voting Representatives, up to seven (7) Non-Voting Representatives may be appointed from invited government agencies in an ex officio capacity to serve as liaisons between the SHIELD Community and those agencies.

The Steering Committee shall have the right to increase or decrease the number of Steering Committee Voting Members and Non-Voting Members within the above limits by at least a two-thirds (2/3) vote of the Steering Committee Voting Members, provided that any reductions shall take effect coterminous with the expiration of term(s) of existing Steering Committee Representatives of sufficient type and in sufficient numbers to affect such a decrease.

Section 3: Manner of Nomination, Voting, and Terms 

Voting Representatives

Commencing 90 days in advance of an existing Steering Committee Voting Representative’s term expiring and concluding 30 days in advance of an existing Steering Committee Voting Representative’s term expiring, nominations from interested Members within the Stakeholder Category of the Steering Committee member whose terms is expiring shall be accepted after such nomination is made by a Member in writing addressed to the organization's Chair and Vice Chair.

Subsequently, within 30 days of an existing Steering Committee Voting Representative’s term expiring, Members whose Stakeholder Category is the same as the Stakeholder Category of the Steering Committee Voting Representative whose term is expiring shall vote on the nominations that have been received.  The nominee with the most votes in favor shall be confirmed to the expiring seat on the Steering Committee.  In the case of a tie, the vote shall be decided by the drawing of lots.

In the case where the terms of multiple Steering Committee Voting Representatives within a Stakeholder Category are expiring conterminously, the nominees receiving the most votes in favor sufficient to fill the number of expiring terms shall be confirmed to a seat on the Steering Committee.  In the case of a tie, the confirmation shall be decided by the drawing of lots.

Each Voting Representative on the Steering Committee shall hold a seat for a term of three (3) years and may serve up to two consecutive terms. Steering Committee members may be nominated again after at least a 1-year hiatus from service.

Non-Voting Representatives

Non-Voting Representatives shall be nominated by a government agency at the invitation of the Steering Committee.  Such nominations shall then be confirmed by at least a two-thirds (2/3) vote of the Steering Committee’s Voting Representatives as is deemed beneficial to the SHIELD Community’s Vision and Mission for such terms as the Steering Committee prescribes.

Section 4: Conditions

Voting Representatives

The organization shall strive for balance in the constitution of the Steering Committee’s Voting Representatives by attempting to promote equitable representation among the following Stakeholder Categories according to the following percentages:

• Industry Entity – 25%

• Healthcare Provider – 30%

• Standards Organization – 15%

• Professional Organization – 20%

• Patient Advocacy - 10%

Notwithstanding the above, each Stakeholder Category listed shall be entitled to at least one Voting Representative on the Steering Committee.

Non-Voting Representatives

The organization shall strive for balance in the constitution of the Steering Committee’s Non-Voting Representatives by attempting to promote equitable representation in the selection of Non-Voting Representatives among the various constituencies of federal, state, and local government.  Government agencies from which Non-Voting Representatives are appointed may be Organizational Members of the SHIELD Community but are not required to be so.

Section 5: Resignations

If a Steering Committee Representative is no longer able to serve in that capacity, they shall resign in writing to the organization’s Chair and Vice Chair.

Section 6: Vacancies

In the case of a Steering Committee vacancy caused an Organizational Member Delegate’s resignation, the Organizational Member may select a replacement to complete the term of the departing Delegate consistent with the rights of an Organizational Member as found in Article 3 Section 2.  In the case of a Voting Representative, such a partial term shall not count towards the two term limit in Article Four Section 3.

If the case of a Steering Committee vacancy caused by an Individual Member’s resignation, an election shall be held to complete the term of that Individual Member as described in Article Four Section 3. Such a partial term shall not count towards the two term limit in Article Four Section 3.

ARTICLE FIVE: MEETINGS OF THE STEERING COMMITTEE

Section 1: Annual Meeting

An annual meeting of the Steering Committee shall be held once during a calendar year on a date and at such place and/or virtually as the Steering Committee prescribes. Notice of the time, date, and meeting facility of each such meeting shall be given by the Chair or Vice Chair to Members no fewer than thirty (30) days before such meeting.

Section 2: Regular Meetings

Regular meetings of the Steering Committee shall be held at least once a quarter or four (4) times during a calendar year on such dates and at such places and/or virtually as the Steering Committee prescribes. Notice of the time, date, and meeting facility of each such meeting shall be given by the Chair or Vice Chair to Members no fewer than thirty (30) days before such meeting.

Section 3: Special Meetings

Special meetings of the Steering Committee may be called by the Chair or Vice Chair on such dates and at such places and/or virtually as they prescribe. Notice shall be given by the Chair or Vice Chair to Members no fewer than seven (7) days before such meeting.

Section 4: Quorum

At meetings of the Steering Committee, at least two-thirds (2/3) of the Voting Representatives shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.

Section 5: Voting Required by Action

Except as otherwise provided in this charter, actions of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the Voting Representatives present during a meeting in which a quorum is present at the time shall be the act of the Steering Committee.

Section 6: Action by Representatives Without a Meeting

Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the Steering Committee may be taken without a meeting if there is consent in writing or email or other form of electronic transmission, setting forth the action to be taken. A Voting Representative may signify their consent by email or other form of electronic transmission. Such consent shall have the same force and effect as a vote at a meeting duly called. The electronically signed consent, or a signed copy, or a copy of the electronic transmission, shall be filed with the organization's records.

Section 7: Meeting Participation

Unless otherwise determined by the Steering Committee, Steering Committee meeting participation shall be limited to the Voting and Non-Voting Representatives of the Steering Committee.  The Steering Committee may choose to invite non-Steering Committee Members to attend specific Steering Committee meetings, in either an observer or participant capacity, as it deems beneficial.

ARTICLE SIX: NOTICE AND RULES OF ORDER

Section 1: Procedure for Notices

Whenever this charter requires notice to be given, notice shall be given in writing and/or electronically via e-mail or similar method to all Members of the Steering Committee or of the relevant workgroup.

Section 2: Rules of Order

In all matters not covered by this Charter, the SHIELD Community shall be governed by the current edition of Robert’s Rules of Order, the use of which shall be guided through Standing Rules of the SHIELD Committee as may be adopted.

ARTICLE SEVEN: OFFICERS

Section 1: Number and Qualifications

The executive officers of the organization consist of a Chair and a Vice Chair as determined by the Steering Committee. The Steering Committee may create and establish the duties of such other officers or assistant officers as it deems necessary for the efficient management of the organization.

Section 2: Election and Term of Office

The executive officers shall be elected from among the existing Voting Representatives on the Steering Committee by the Steering Committee Voting Representatives and shall serve for up to two (2) consecutive terms of two (2) years.

Section 3: Removal

Any officer elected by the Steering Committee may be removed by the Steering Committee by three-fourths (3/4) vote whenever in its judgement the best interests of the organization will be served thereby (such as repeated absence from Steering Committee meetings or a failure to fulfill the duties of office).

Section 4: Vacancies

A vacancy in any office arising at any time and from any cause may be filled for the unexpired term at any meeting of the Steering Committee.

Section 5: Chair

The Chair shall preside at all meetings of the Steering Committee, and does not have a vote, except when there is a tie (tie-breaker vote). While serving as Chair, he or she shall continue to represent their organization (in the case of the Chair representing an Organizational Member) or their Stakeholder Category (in the case of the Chair being an Individual Member). The Chair shall perform such other duties and have such other authority and powers as the Steering Committee may prescribe from time to time. It is the Chair’s responsibility to manage official correspondence and be the voice of the SHIELD Community or designate another person, when not available.

Section 6: Vice Chair

The Vice Chair shall assist and advise the Chair in providing independent and effective leadership. In the absence of the Chair, the Vice Chair shall perform the duties and have the authority to exercise the powers of the Chair. Otherwise, when not acting as the Chair, the Vice Chair may vote on Steering Committee matters. While serving as Vice Chair, he or she shall continue to represent their organization (in the case of the Vice Chair representing an Organizational Member) or their Stakeholder Category (in the case of the Vice Chair being an Individual Member). The Vice Chair shall perform such other duties and have such other authority and powers as the Steering Committee may prescribe from time to time. It is the Vice Chair’s responsibility to manage records, minutes and reports.

ARTICLE EIGHT: WORKGROUPS

Section 1: Workgroups

The Steering Committee may, by at least a two-thirds (2/3) vote, charge and form SHIELD Community workgroups to investigate, deliberate, assess, evaluate, or make recommendations. In no instance shall Steering Committee powers and authority be delegated to a Workgroup.

Section 2: Charges

Workgroup charges shall include the Workgroup's purpose, leadership, objectives, scope, deliverables, timeline, and proposed Member participation.

Section 3: Terms

Workgroups shall expire or sunset after 12 months unless otherwise stated in its charge.

Section 4: Workgroup Leadership

Workgroups shall be led by at least one Member who shall be its Chair, and in the case of multiple Members all shall be deemed equal Co-Chairs.  A Workgroup’s Leadership must include at least one Steering Committee Voting Representative. The Steering Committee shall appoint Workgroup Leadership in consultation with the Membership as part of its charge as defined in Article Eight Section 2.  The Steering Committee shall strive to have equitable representation in the Leadership of the Workgroup as is appropriate for the Workgroup’s charge.

Section 5: Participation

Any Member may choose to participate in a Workgroup.

Section 6: Rules

Workgroups shall make decisions by consensus.  Workgroup Leadership shall determine when consensus has been reached.

Section 7: Confirmation of Critical Workgroup Decisions

For any critical decision, deliverable, standard, position, or the like which a Workgroup has reached consensus, the Workgroup Leadership shall submit same to the Steering Committee for its confirmation.  Once such confirmation is received, the critical decision, deliverable, standard, position, or the like shall be considered to be the official position of the SHIELD Community as a whole.

ARTICLE NINE: AMENDMENTS

Section 1: Power to Amend Charter and Standing Rules

The Steering Committee shall have the exclusive power to alter, amend, or approve this charter. The Steering Committee shall have the power to alter, amend, or approve the standing rules.

Section 2: Conditions

Action by the Steering Committee with respect to the charter and standing rules shall be taken by at least a two-thirds (2/3) vote of all Members present, provided quorum is reached.

Standing Rules of the SHIELD Community

Rule I. Transparency

The proceedings of the Steering Committee shall be available to all Members. Steering Committee meeting summaries should be accessible for viewing on the organization's website within 14 days of convening regular or special meetings and within 30 days of convening an annual meeting. Notifications of meeting summaries should be communicated to audiences through the organization's electronic newsletter or other similar push delivery method. Meetings will be recorded to support accuracy of decisions and detailed discussions in the minutes and not posted publicly. 

Rule II. Steering Committee Meeting Agenda

Steering Committee meetings shall be structured to focus on critical decisions. The Chair or Vice Chair will distribute meeting agendas and related materials no less than 5 business days in advance.

Information on subjects that per the Charter do not require a vote will be provided in writing before meetings. These subjects will then appear in the meeting agenda within a consent agenda consisting of information that will be discussed only if a Steering Committee Voting Representative requests a discussion and will otherwise stand as pro forma acceptance by the governance body.

The Presiding Officer (Chair or Vice Chair) will call the meeting to order and take roll. During roll call, each Organizational Member shall communicate whether its Primary Delegate or Secondary Delegate is in attendance and acting on behalf of the Organizational Member. The Presiding Officer will read the agenda and make a motion to approve or modify it per the rules of order.

Subsequent to agenda approval, the Presiding Officer will request conflicts of interests be declared per Rule III.

Rule III. Conflicts of Interests

Whenever an Organizational Member, Organizational Member Delegate, or Individual Member has a financial or personal interest in any matter coming before the Steering Committee or Workgroup, the affected person shall fully disclose the nature of the conflict of interest as part of a declaration for each Steering Committee member on file. Any transaction or vote involving a potential conflict of interest shall be approved only when a majority of disinterested Members determine that it is in the best interest of the organization to do so. The minutes of meetings at which such votes are taken shall record such disclosure, abstention and rationale for approval.

Rule IV. Option Out of Advocacy and Regulatory Comment

Any SHIELD Community Member shall be able to option out of any given SHIELD Community advocacy or regulatory position statement or communication.

Rule V. Representing SHIELD Community

Any SHIELD member shall not speak or publish on behalf of the SHIELD community without approval of the Steering Committee Chair.

Rule VI. Intellectual Property

Consistent with its Purpose as stated in Article One Section 1 and the Guiding Principle “Open in Its Deliverables and Results” in Article Two Section 4, the SHIELD Community requires that all contributions to the SHIELD community and all distributions from the SHIELD Community must be compatible with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit Deed - Attribution 4.0 International - Creative Commons or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.

Rule VII: Antitrust

Although a collaborative organization such as the SHIELD Community is recognized as a valuable forum for advancing the goals of the health care ecosystem, one of the potential dangers which participants of any organization face is compliance with federal and state antitrust laws.  Such laws generally forbid any combination, contract or conspiracy that restrains trade. Since by its nature SHIELD Community Members may be competitors in the course of their normal business, all SHIELD Community Members must ensure that their activities do not violate applicable law.

The following activities are among those that have been held to be per se illegal under the antitrust laws:

 ·       Agreements to fix prices, regardless of whether prices are increased, decreased, stabilized, or set according to an agreed formula or subject to uniform discounts or allowances, including topics that might indirectly affect prices, such as costs, discounts, profit levels, pricing procedures, credit terms, or control of sales

·       Agreements to divide or allocate territories or customers

·       Agreements not to deal with a particular customer or supplier or group of customers or suppliers

 SHIELD Community Members must refrain from any discussion that could be interpreted as being in restraint of trade. 

Rule VIII: Application of Rules of Order

The following Standing Rule clarifies how the SHIELD Community shall use Robert’s Rules of Order in the conduct of its business, specifically in the holding of Steering Committee and Workgroup meetings.

Guiding Principles

The following guiding principles are meant to ensure that all Members are heard and that any debate, question or vote can be conducted as fairly as possible.

 ·       Each Steering Committee or Workgroup meeting should follow an order of business called an agenda.

·       All Members have equal rights, privileges and obligations. Everyone has the right to be heard. No Member speaks twice about a motion until all Members have had the opportunity to speak.

·       Only one item of business or question can be taken up at any time. This provides the opportunity for a full and fair discussion, dissuades topic tangents, and maintains order.

·       The majority vote rules. However, this doesn’t mean the rights of every individual are not protected.

·       The Steering Committee or Workgroup may reserve the right to identify a particular item as requiring consensus rather than the 2/3 majority vote.

Definitions

Within Robert’s Rules of Order, there are numerous definitions and fundamentals to remember. Below are definitions for some of the most common and important terms.

Motion

A motion is a formal proposal by a Member of the Steering Committee or Workgroup. In simple terms, they can help form decision-making processes. Usually, this starts with the phrase “I move”. This then opens the ‘motion’ up for debate and discussion.

Second

To ‘second’ a motion means that another Member of the Steering Committee or Workgroup agrees with the motion and would also like for it to be considered. “I second the motion”.

Amendment

An amendment is an alteration of a motion statement. It can be added to a motion before it can be voted on. There are a few ways it can be amended, such as:

 ·       removing words

·       adding words

·       swapping words (i.e., removing a word and adding a new word in its place)

·       substituting a paragraph for another

 A motion cannot be amended by simply rejecting it.

Quorum

A quorum is the minimum number of Members who need to be present for any business to be conducted in the name of the Steering Committee or Workgroup. It is not possible to take votes on business unless the prescribed quorum is present.

Roles

Presiding Officer

As applicable, the Chair, Vice Chair, or Co-Chair of the Steering Committee or Workgroup shall serve as the Presiding Officer for a meeting in which they lead.  The Presiding Officer must be present at the meeting. It is their job to lead the meetings, but they cannot debate or submit their own motion.

The Presiding Officer should:

 ·       Set the goals for the meeting, discussion, or vote

·       Be and remain impartial and neutral

·       Take and remain in control of the meeting

·       Ensure that the rights of all Members are protected

·       Not take part in motions, debates or votes (except as stipulated in the Charter)

The responsibilities of the Presiding Officer throughout the meeting include:

·       Opening the session by announcing the purpose and topic of the meeting, as well as calling Members to order

·       Recognizing the Members to speak and giving them ‘the floor’

·       Facilitating and announcing the results of any votes

·       Keeping disruptions and distractions to a minimum

·       Keeping the direction of the meeting on the topic according to the agenda

·       Protecting the ‘minority’ from any disruptive behavior from the majority

·       Designating a Secretary at the beginning of each meeting

Secretary

The Secretary must be present at the meeting.

 The responsibilities of the Secretary throughout the meeting include:

·       Taking minutes as a record of the meeting, submitting them for approval, and publishing them when approved

·       Preparing the agenda, order of business, and relevant notes for the Presiding Officer

·       Keeping the Charter, Standing Rules, and prior minutes for reference to support the Presiding Officer as needed

The Presiding Officer may choose to designate themselves as the Secretary.

Parliamentarian

The Presiding Officer shall designate a Parliamentarian at the beginning of each meeting in which they lead.  The Parliamentarian must be present at the meeting.

The responsibilities of the Parliamentarian throughout the meeting include:

·       Assisting the Presiding Officer to ensure that discussions and actions taken during the meeting follow the Rules of Order as prescribed in Article Six Section 2

·       Having the final authority on all points of order raised during the meeting

The Presiding Officer may choose to designate themselves as the Parliamentarian.

Motions

The motion is the main topic that is being discussed, with no other motions pending. A motion:

·       Requires a second for the motion

·       Is debatable

·       May be reconsidered

·       Is amendable

·       Requires a vote (a two-thirds vote to form a majority to pass the motion, unless otherwise prescribed in the Charter)

Voting

After debate and discussion have been had and no one else has risen to take the floor, the chair will call the question and the voting process can begin.

Unanimous Consent

Unanimous consent may be used to expedite the discussion and the debate process on topics in which most Members are in agreement.

·       Only the Presiding Officer may move to vote directly in this way. Instead of opening up a topic for debate, the Presiding Officer may say “If there is no objection, [subject] is approved.”

·       In the case where some members do want to open up the discussion before voting, any member may say “I object” prior to the vote. Then, the Presiding Officer must open up the discussion and get votes from both sides of the debate.

·       Officers can also clarify those for and against the motion quickly with a show of hands. If it is clear that everyone is for or everyone is against the motion, the Presiding Officer can ask for an opposition speaker. If there isn’t anyone who wants to speak for the opposition, then they can ask to move directly to the vote.

Source

Adapted from iBABS Robert’s Rules of Order: Simplified Beginner’s Guide - https://www.ibabs.com/en/roberts-rules-of-order/complete-guide/